Saturday 25 October 2014

Life is like sitting in a classroom, where the process of learning takes place. The learning starts from the time of birth and ceases only after breathing ones last. In this classroom one gets to meet different people, some might be good, while other might not, but the process of learning never stops. While in today’s life ‘Learning’ has been replaced by ‘earning’ by the deletion of ‘L’, yet each and every experience will be a lesson.
Most of us look up to people from history to resolve life’s mysteries, to seek inspiration, to garner ideas and commitments in life. But by just observing people or events from our day to day lives, we can find live examples to follow.   
As part of a volunteering team studying man-animal conflict near Tumkur, Karnataka, I had to interact with agriculturists regarding the movements of wildlife in their vast farmlands.This opportunity changed my perspective towards life. The reason for which was the humble farmer, whom we take for granted almost every time we eat food. While most of us pray / thank the Almighty for providing us the meal, seldom does farmer make an appearance in our thoughts. How many of us would have thought about the source of our food before having it? How many would have thought about the back breaking work put in by a farmer, before throwing the leftover food in the dustbin?
Having to spend the whole day on the farms, interacting with the farmers made me realize the immense dedication that a farmer puts into his profession. From the time of ploughing to planting the seeds, from the time of irrigation to the time of harvest, a farmer can never postpone his work, lest he wishes to risk his entire hard work.  The word “Later” does not seem to exist in a farmer’s dictionary.
Agreed that the life we live in cities is very different from the life of a farmer in the countryside, but the basic essence of both our lives is the same. Both our lives revolve around completion of works taken up by us. While the famous verses of Kabirdas “KaalKare So AajKar, AajKare So ab, Pal Mein PralayaHoyegi, BahuriKarogeKub(do the work planned for tomorrow today, and the work for today do it now. The world may end in a second and then you shall have no time left to do the work), are known to most of us, it looks as if it is only the farmers who are inculcating them in their lives.
In our modern day cities, while children and adults alike are fighting a seemingly losing battle with obesity, hypertension and various other ailments, in the country side, the life looks much better. Just to make my case, here is an example.  As part of the survey, I came upon a farmer who was carrying bundles of fodder to feed his cattle. The source of fodder was a good 3 km away from his cattle shed. I was impressed by his stamina, because at the time I was interacting with him, he must have been carrying a weight of at least 15kg. For a city dweller like most of us, walking 3 km may be a part of a tough fitness regime, but for this man, it was his day to day life. I was shell shocked, when on asking his age, ’75 years’ came the reply.
India now holds some embarrassing records to its name, like the diabetes capital of the world.While in some countries, army training is mandatory to all its citizens, if children of India can have one month of farm experience in their growing years, it shall lead to a health India. Also by working in the fields, they will get to know the basic essence of being an Indian.
If we inculcate the habits of a farmer, if we learn from him, our lives will be systematic and healthy. A farmer provides food for our stomachs, now it’s time for thoughts as well.   


Wednesday 15 October 2014














Monday 13 October 2014

Unsung Heroes by Niyati Bhatt

Posted by Unknown 04:29
UNSUNG HEROES

Niyati Bhatt

“If you want to live and thrive, let the insects run alive...”

Yes, most of us think that all insects are bad, we hate and ignore them and eventually either kill them by the brutal broom or by the infectious insecticides. But actually, a lot of insects are very useful for us. Without them, the world would have been a different place.
Whether it's the whiteflies blanketing your tomatoes and potatoes or those squash vine borers worming their way into the pumpkins and berries patch again, you're probably already well acquainted with the bad guys in your garden. Now what’s the good news is you don't have to rely on synthetic or organic pesticides to be rid of insect pests. Turns out, there are plenty of good insects that are perfectly happy to work for you; such are the insect whom I call beneficial heroes.
They not only do a lot of pest management but also are helpful to us in many other ways like ones mentioned below.

v  INSECTS PRODUCE USEFUL PRODUCTS:

HoneyHoney bees are kept by beekeepers because they produce honey and wax. In some countries people collect honey from wild bees.


 

Silk: Another insect that produces products for people is the silk worm. The silk worm is not a worm but it is a moth. On a silk worm farm, the caterpillars (silk worms) are fed with leaves of the mulberry tree. When the caterpillar pupates they spin a cocoon made of one long thread of silk. These cocoons are harvested to produce silk.



v  INSECTS ARE USEFUL IN AGRICULTURE:

Pollination: Farmers need insects because without the insects many crops would not produce fruits. The insects are needed to pollinate the crops. Insects such as bees, wasps and butterflies visit a flower to collect honey. At the same time they pick up some pollen and carry it with them to the next flower they visit. In this way they help to cross-pollinate the plant, which will then produce good fruits.

A bee visiting a flower A butterfly visiting a flower

Biological control: There are many other insects that are useful to farmers because they help control pest insects. For example assassin bugs are predators that feed on caterpillars. If a farmer has many caterpillars that are destroying his crop he will be happy to see assassin bugs which are the natural enemies of these caterpillars. This control of pest insects by other insects is called “biological control”. Also many types of small wasps are beneficial to the farmer because they can kill pest insects. Such beneficial insects naturally reduce the numbers of many other, not-so-beneficial bugs, either:

·         By preying on them directly ( like: Ladybugs, Green Lacewing Larvae, Praying Mantis)
·         By parasitizing them - laying their eggs in or on the host insect of their choice. (like: Parasitic wasps)

Assassin bug Cotesia wasps with caterpillars  


Recycling Biomass: Many insects live as scavengers and feed on dead animals. Others feed on dead plant materials. In this way they help recycling of biomass in nature. This recycling process helps to create fertile top soil in which new plants and trees can easily grow. Examples of insects that are important in this biomass recycling are ants, termites, flies and cockroaches. Another example of this recycling process is the way dung beetles feed on feces. They help recycling the dung and at the same time return nutrients to the soil.
Dung beetles in action Termites

 Used By Researchers: Insects are easy to rear and multiply in large numbers. That’s why researchers often use insects to do all kind of experiments. A very famous laboratory insect is the common fruit fly (or vinegar fly). This insect has been studied a lot by researchers interested in genetics.

https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSwaSV2aeqPBpsofi_4R29-oLjnss3QQ8vWG94e9DSU9jDD5LS0mg

v  INSECTS ARE BEAUTIFUL:

The beauty of insects can be best enjoyed in nature. Especially butterflies and beetles can be very beautiful with a large variation of patterns and colors. Many poets are inspired by the beauty of insects and write poems about butterflies, fireflies and other insects.

Beetle http://img.timeinc.net/time/photoessays/2010/top10_insects/firefly.jpg https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTS0If6Nzl75qrRkkvjLDMLuZf_miocVjj-DRMtUi7h42k7OqjI

 

Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, or Butterfly, nor Moth with dusty wing…”

– Cristina Georgina

 


 

Sunday 5 October 2014

Internship opportunity in Grameenmall :

Posted by Unknown 22:20
Internship opportunity in Grameenmall :

Description of Internship: 
Grameenmall looking for a dynamic and enthusiastic individual to join the team. person will be able to work as a part of a team as well as under own initiative. person will be passionate about developing tool to document the activities of Grameenmall Foundation. Its a fantastic opportunity to work to support the community movement, where creativity , integrity ,quality,diversity, open communication and team working are highly valued.

Grameenmall Brief introduction:

We, at GrameenMall Foundation , working towards promotion of Community Sustainable organic agriculture - which is a production system that sustains the health of soils, Eco-system , Food and Nutritional security of Rural people .We not only look at well-being of present generations or environment, but also adapt cycles to local conditions, rely on ecological process and minimize the usage of inputs that have adverse effects. To reach this goal, we are focusing on grass root levels to co-ordinate women farmer groups to educate, train and assist them through all phases of organic farming till it connect with end user. we are thankful to you for having given your valuable time to understand our work . But for people like you, our movement would not have gained this momentum.  
following links of our Facebook page, blog, can give you a better idea of our working lines.

Once again, we immensely thank you to allocating us your most valuable time and we look forward to associate/work with you in future.

Loacation : Hyderabad.

For details contact : prerana@grameenmall.in  or  info@grameenmall.in   040-65159555 , 9849328503














Butterfly farming by Niyati Bhatt

Posted by Unknown 08:15
BUTTERFLY FARMING

 By  Niyati Bhatt

Today we live in a rapidly decaying world. From global warming and depletion of the ozone; deforestation, fouled air and water and species extinction; the absence of coherent political leadership and the decay of whole societies in general, the human species is confronting a slew of hugely complex issues. In our incessant quest for food, shelter and the raw materials necessary to maintain our modern economies and lifestyles, our short-term interests are supported at the expense of the long-term viability of our planet.   One of the challenges of our day is to discover and develop industries, economies and even living patterns that minimize the effects of our presence on earth. So why can’t we think of something which not only conserves the nature but also gives a sustainable and diversified income source to the ones based back in villages???

*    Why butterfly farming?
An appropriate technology is one that is readily understood by the people who are using it, is environmentally non-destructive, incorporates locally available raw materials, is economically and environmentally sustainable, and is not dehumanizing or degrading to the people who use it. Butterfly farming fits all of these characteristics of an appropriate technology.  If properly undertaken, butterfly farming is an alternative and progressive endeavor with respect to impact on the immediate surroundings to which we and other living organisms depend. In contrast to traditional farming methods in tropical countries which require the clear cutting of natural habitats, butterfly farming is dependent upon the native vegetation.   In most cases, a butterfly farmer is encouraged to keep areas of land (sometimes quite large) in its intact natural vegetation.  At the very least, a farmer must plant a number of native plants in and around the farm which act as a reliable food source for the larvae. Therefore, butterfly farming has an inherent mutual relationship with native plants and the habitats which they create. In addition, butterfly farming contributes to other favorable factors. These would include the generation of rural employment, thereby supporting the rural economy and stemming rural to urban migratory patterns. If placed near a forest, such as a national park, the local human population would not only benefit economically from the park's existence, but would have a stake in the park´s integrity and survival.

*   The Farming Process:
In butterfly farming a small netted enclosure is prepared. It is planted with the food plant for the target species of butterfly. A female butterfly is caught and placed in the breeding cage to lay her eggs on the food plant. The freshly laid eggs are harvested by the farmer and placed in a pest free container, where they will hatch after 10 - 14 days. Upon hatching the caterpillars, or larvae, will be transferred to their particular food plant in the farmer's plant nursery. The growing larvae are tended by the farmers until they are ready to pupate, approximately 14 days after hatching. At pupation, larvae attach by their abdomen to a suitable leaf or stick and shed their skin to form the pupae. At this point the pupas are harvested by the farmer to be sold. To ensure sustainability and unnecessary collection from the wild, the farmer will retain a proportion of pupa to provide the next generation of adults for the breeding cage.

*     Benefit to the community:
Most types of agriculture in tropical countries require forest clearance and this habitat destruction is a major cause of species extinction. Butterfly farming requires intact forest, thus providing an economic incentive to conserve habitats. As butterflies are bred and reared in enclosures with limited extraction from the wild, farming has a negligible impact on the health of wild populations. Butterfly farming allows the local community to diversify their income generating activities and to work at home around childcare and domestic duties. It also raises awareness among residents and decision makers of the benefits of conservation.

*    Butterflies and their larval foodplants:
Butterflies can be attracted to your garden by providing suitable flowers from which they can obtain nectar. Most butterflies can utilize a wide variety of flowers, including those of many cultivated varieties, as nectar sources. However, a more critical need is for the plants that provide food for the larval (caterpillar) stages, and most species will accept only one or a few species of plants at this stage. If a butterfly is found near your area, you can probably attract it and increase its population by planting the correct foodplants for the caterpillars. Although the caterpillars will feed on the leaves of these plants, the damage is usually minor and only temporary. Caterpillars of some species feed on plants that are usually considered weeds, and you can benefit populations of these species by not removing all of the weeds. The following table lists the larval foodplants for most of the butterfly species:

Sr.No:
Butterfly Name:
Foodplant Common Name:
1
Pipevine
2
Willow
3
Wild Anise, Woolly-fruited Lomatium
4
Various citrus species
5
False Indigo
6
Alfalfa
7
Milkweed
8
Willow and Cotton wood
9
Grasses
10
Himalayan Sergeant
(Athyma opalina)
Grasses, and Weed plants
11
Buckwheat
12
 Indian Fritillary
(Argynnis hyperbius)
Viola plant
13
Indian Purple Emperor
(Mimathyma ambica)
Ulmus
14
Mongol
(Araschnia prorsoides)
Urtica angustifolia Fisch
15

Indian Eastern Courtier

(Sephisa chandra)

Quercus mongolica Fisch 
16
White- Edged Bushbrown
(Mycalesis mestra)
Orchid Tree
17
Green Commodore
(Sumalia daraxa)
Populus bolleana
18
Plain Tiger
(Danaus chrysippus)
Calotropis
19
Blue Glassy Tiger
(Tirumala limniace)

Common Rose, and Tylophora flexuosa
20
Himalayan Jester
(Symbrenthia hypselis)
Filipendula




















Himalayan Sergeant
(Athyma opalina)




Indian Fritillary
(Argynnis hyperbius)


Indian Purple Emperor
(Mimathyma ambica)


Mongol
(Araschnia prorsoides)

 

 

Indian Eastern Courtier

(Sephisa chandra)



White - Edged Bushbrown
(Mycalesis mestra)


Green Commodore
(Sumalia daraxa)


Plain Tiger
(Danaus chrysippus)



Blue Glassy Tiger
(Tirumala limniace)



Himalayan Jester
(Symbrenthia hypselis)












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